Levani Lake

Levani Lake is a significant body of water located on the high-altitude Javakheti Volcanic Plateau in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of southern Georgia. This plateau is a unique landscape characterized by vast grasslands, volcanic cones, and numerous lakes, and Levani Lake is an integral part of this important ecosystem. Likely formed by glacial or volcanic-tectonic activity, the lake is known for being relatively shallow. It sits within a treeless, steppe-like environment typical of the Javakheti highlands, specifically nestled on the Abul-Samsari Range near Mount Godorebi. Fed primarily by snowmelt, rainfall, and groundwater, its water levels can fluctuate seasonally, typically highest in summer and lowest in winter. Ecologically, Levani Lake, like many others in the region, is important, potentially serving as habitat for various species adapted to high-altitude conditions. Its clear, bluish waters contrast beautifully with the surrounding volcanic terrain. While not typically a major destination for swimming or boating due to its shallow nature and ecological sensitivity, it holds value for biodiversity, hiking, and scientific interest within this distinct volcanic region of Georgia. It may be included within the scope of the Javakheti Protected Areas system.

Identification and Location

• Name: Levani Lake (Georgian: ლევანის ტბა)
• Location:
  • Country: Georgia
  • Region: Samtskhe-Javakheti
  • Municipality: Akhalkalaki (or potentially Ninotsminda, sources vary slightly on exact administrative boundary)
  • Nearest Major Landmark/Area: Located on the Abul-Samsari Range, on the south-western slope of Mount Godorebi. Close to other volcanic peaks and potentially lakes of the Javakheti Plateau.
  • Coordinates: Approximate coordinates are around 41∘29′41′′ N latitude, 43∘40′13′′ E longitude.
• Connections: Fed by local runoff, snowmelt, rain, and groundwater. Likely has an outlet stream contributing to the Paravani River system or ultimately the Kura (Mtkvari) River basin.

Physical Characteristics

• Surface Area: Small, reported as approximately 0.06 square kilometers (6 hectares).
• Maximum Depth: Shallow, around 2.8 meters.
• Average Depth: Shallow, likely around 2 meters.
• Volume: Small, estimated at 0.12 million cubic meters.
• Elevation: Very high altitude. Sources vary, placing it between approximately 2565 meters and 2815 meters above sea level. The higher figure (2815m) is more frequently cited in detailed references.
• Shoreline Length: Relatively short, surrounding a basin with notably steep slopes near the edges.
• Water Source(s): Snowmelt, precipitation, groundwater inflow.
• Outlet(s): Likely possesses an outlet channel, particularly during high water periods in summer.
• Water Type: Freshwater, likely weakly mineralized.
• Basin Geology: Glacial lake located in a deep trough valley (trog) on the volcanic Abul-Samsari Range.

Ecological Information

• Flora: The immediate surroundings are likely characterized by alpine and subalpine meadows. Aquatic vegetation within the lake might be limited due to the high altitude and cold temperatures, although shallow areas could support some adapted species.
• Fauna: Specific data is limited, but high-altitude lakes like this can be relatively poor in aquatic life. It might support cold-adapted invertebrates. Fish presence is uncertain; native fish are often absent at such altitudes unless introduced. The surrounding area is habitat for mountain fauna. While Javakheti lower lakes are key bird sites, the bird significance of this specific high-altitude lake is less documented.
• Trophic Level: Likely Oligotrophic (low nutrient levels) due to its high altitude, glacial origin, and limited catchment influences.
• Water Clarity: Reported as clear and transparent, with a bluish color.
• Water Temperature: Cold year-round. Experiences significant seasonal variation and likely freezes over completely in winter.
• pH Levels: Likely near neutral to slightly acidic.
• Dissolved Oxygen Levels: Expected to be relatively high due to low temperatures, but could decrease under ice cover.
• Unique Ecological Features: A high-altitude glacial lake set within a volcanic mountain landscape.
• Conservation Status: May fall under the general protection umbrella of the Javakheti Protected Areas, though its specific status needs confirmation. Its remoteness offers natural protection.
• Invasive Species: Unlikely, given the altitude and conditions.

Human Interaction and Significance

• Historical Significance: Part of the broader Javakheti region with its long history. Likely known and visited by local shepherds traditionally. Nearby megalithic structures like Shaori Fortress indicate ancient human presence in the wider area.
• Current Uses: Primarily a destination for hiking and trekking, often included in routes exploring the Abul-Samsari range. The northern shore is noted as a suitable camping site. Surrounding areas may be used for seasonal grazing. Not used for significant fishing, water supply, or power.
• Environmental Issues: Potential impacts from hiking/camping activities if unmanaged (litter, campsite degradation). Grazing in the catchment could affect water quality. High-altitude ecosystems are sensitive to climate change. Aggressive shepherd dogs near shepherd huts in the area can be an issue for hikers.
• Management and Conservation Efforts: Relies on responsible tourism practices and potentially regulations within the Javakheti Protected Areas framework. Hiking trails around the lake are marked.
• Local Communities: Part of the natural landscape valued by communities in Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda municipalities. Potential for income generation through guided treks.

Interesting or Unique Facts

• Known for its clear, bluish water and location high on a volcanic range.
• Offers scenic views of surrounding volcanic peaks like Big and Small Abuli.
• Accessible via several marked hiking trails forming a network around the lake.
• The lake experiences significant water level fluctuations between summer highs and winter lows.
• Located at a very high altitude, making it one of the higher lakes in Georgia accessible by trekking routes.