Anchiskhati Basilica, located in the heart of Tbilisi’s Old Town, stands as the oldest surviving church in the city, with its origins tracing back to the 6th century AD. This three-nave basilica, originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary, holds a significant place in Tbilisi’s history and showcases the enduring legacy of early Christian architecture in the region.
According to ancient Georgian annals, the Anchiskhati Basilica was constructed by King Dachi of Iberia (circa 522-534 AD), who established Tbilisi as his capital. Initially dedicated to the Virgin Mary, the church underwent a name change in 1675, becoming known as Anchiskhati (meaning “icon of Ancha”). This renaming occurred when the revered icon of the Savior, crafted by the 12th-century goldsmith Beka Opizari for the Ancha monastery in Klarjeti (now part of northeast Turkey), was moved to Tbilisi for safekeeping from Ottoman invaders. The basilica served as the cherished home of this icon for centuries; the icon is now displayed at the Art Museum of Georgia.
Despite its age, the Anchiskhati Basilica has endured various periods of upheaval and transformation. In the 1870s, a dome was added, significantly altering its original appearance. During the Soviet era, religious ceremonies were halted, and the basilica was repurposed, first as a museum for handicrafts and later as an art studio. However, following the restoration of Georgia’s independence in 1991, the basilica was returned to its religious function. Restoration works took place between 1958 and 1964 in commemoration of Tbilisi’s 1500th jubilee, aiming to revert the church’s appearance to its 17th-century form.
The Anchiskhati Basilica is characterized by its unassuming exterior, built with huge stone blocks and featuring a three-nave structure. The interior is adorned with remarkable frescoes, remnants of the basilica’s long and storied past. The addition of a dome in the 1870s marked a significant change to its original design. The restoration efforts in the mid-20th century aimed to bring back the architectural style prevalent in the 17th century.
As the oldest surviving church in Tbilisi, the Anchiskhati Basilica holds immense cultural and religious significance for the city and Georgia. Its long history, dating back to the early days of Tbilisi’s establishment as the capital, underscores its role in the development of Christianity in the region. The basilica’s connection to the revered icon of Ancha further elevates its importance as a spiritual landmark. Even today, regular services are held, especially on church holidays, drawing parishioners of all ages.
Nestled within Tbilisi’s Old Town, the Anchiskhati Basilica is easily accessible to visitors exploring the historic district. Its central location makes it a convenient stop for those interested in experiencing the city’s rich cultural and religious heritage, often included in walking tours of the Old Town.
The Anchiskhati Basilica stands as a resilient symbol of Tbilisi’s ancient roots and its enduring Christian faith. Its journey through centuries, marked by changes and restorations, reflects the city’s own transformations. As the oldest church in Tbilisi, it continues to be a significant spiritual and cultural site, inviting visitors to witness its historical architecture and partake in its ongoing religious life.
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